FIA Responds to Japan’s Cabinet Office on the “Basic Approach to Ensuring Safety for Realization of Fusion Energy” Draft Paper
On March 18, the Fusion Industry Association (FIA) submitted a response to Japan’s Cabinet Office on their recently released draft paper on the “Basic Approach to Ensuring Safety for Realization of Fusion Energy.” The paper acts as a draft framework for the regulation of fusion energy in Japan.
FIA commends Japan for its approach and agrees that the paper’s proposed path will help to enhance the predictability of projects, promote private sector participation and innovation, utilize opportunities for international cooperation, and promote the development of new technologies.
The draft paper discusses the safety features required in fusion machines and explores general safety and project-specific requirements. Additionally, the paper examines the current legal framework governing fusion devices in Japan, where they are classified as “radiation-generating equipment” under the Law Concerning Regulation of Radioactive Isotopes, etc. (RI Law). Importantly, it highlights that fusion devices are not regulated under Japan’s Nuclear Reactor Regulation Law, which governs nuclear fission materials and facilities.
The basic approaches of safety assurance outlined in the paper prioritize safety principles, the need for risk-appropriate regulations and early consideration, and international collaboration – through forums like the G7 and IAEA.
The paper closes by outlining issues to be considered in the future, including the need to:
- Establish how and which fusion machines will be regulated legally, under Japan’s Basic Act on Atomic Energy, Nuclear Reactor Regulation Law, and RI Law;
- Strengthen government entities overseeing fusion and to establish an information sharing forum between public and private entities which would bolster transparency and social acceptance of fusion;
- Promote research on safety by fusion developers and regulatory authorities; and
- Ensure security and nonproliferation, including overseeing the export control regime.
FIA appreciates the opportunity to respond to the paper, supports the proactive approach taken by the Japanese government, and is committed to working collaboratively with Japanese authorities to develop a regulatory framework that promotes innovation, ensures safety, and harmonizes effectively with international best practices. A harmonized approach to regulation across major fusion markets – including Japan, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Germany – will help facilitate international investment, streamline licensing pathways, and maximize collaboration between fusion developers worldwide. This letter (below) provides specific comments on Japan’s draft framework, offering recommendations on how to ensure clarity, efficiency, and international compatibility in the regulatory approach to fusion energy.
March 19th, 2025
